The Czech Geological Survey (CGS) was founded in 1919. The original name of the institution was the National Geological Institute of the Czechoslovak Republic and, in our country, it became the successor to the Imperial and Royal Geological Institute founded in Vienna in 1849. Over the years, the institute’s name and nature of its work changed several times. Today, the CGS is part of the European and global network of national geological surveys and the scope of its activities corresponds to the concept of these surveys in developed countries.